The former Brazilian leader has been detained after authorities determined he posed a serious risk of fleeing while under domestic detention.
The former head of state was convicted of planning a military coup in September and given more than 27 years in prison, but he continued under home detention pending legal challenges.
High Court Judge Alexandre de Moraes said the decision to arrest the septuagenarian politician was a preventative measure after "new facts" came to light.
This included attempting to break his tracking device and a call for a supporters' gathering that could "allow for a chance to flee".
In a document approving the detention, Justice Moraes said intelligence from the centre monitoring Bolsonaro's house arrest suggested the former leader's aim to disable the surveillance device to guarantee victory in his flight.
This, it said, would be "facilitated by the disorder caused by the protest called by his son.
His son, his son Flávio, who works as a legislator, called for a assembly of his followers near the former president's residence to take place on Saturday night.
His son wrote on digital networks on the previous day: Do you plan to struggle for your homeland, or see it all from your mobile device there on your sofa? I invite you to fight with us."
He said the demonstration would be so backers could offer prayers for his well-being and for the return of democracy in our nation."
Part of the judge's ruling was the potential of his transfer to diplomatic missions near the home, considering that the inquiries revealed a record of planning to request asylum through a diplomatic representation", a statement said.
The legal document emphasizes that the United States embassy in the federal district, Brasilia, is positioned around 8 miles from the former president's residence.
Bolsonaro's legal woes have provoked anger from fellow populist conservative American leader Trump, leading him to impose a fifty percent tax on Brazilian product imports.
He is being kept in a federal law enforcement building in the capital and will have a imprisonment assessment on the next day.
It was only on last Friday that the his legal team asked the High Court to permit him to serve his whole jail sentence under domestic detention, with digital surveillance.
They also asked that the former president be permitted to exit his dwelling for healthcare, saying he demanded regular treatment for respiratory ailments and other ailments.
Bolsonaro was found guilty of orchestrating a conspiracy aimed at retaining his authority after he failed to win the 2022 election to his left-wing rival, Lula.
High Court judges said that he was aware of a scheme which included plans to kill the current president and his VP candidate, Alckmin, and to detain and kill Alexandre de Moraes - the High Court judge who has been overseeing the former president's case.
The scheme was stopped because it couldn't obtain the backing of the military leaders. The current president was inaugurated without incident on 1 January 2023.
But a week later, on January 8th, many Bolsonaro supporters attacked and damaged government buildings in the national capital, Brazil's capital.
The police took action and around approximately 1,500 persons were detained.
The justices found that the rioters had been encouraged by him whose plan, they said, was for the Brazilian military to intervene, restore order and bring him back to power.
At the period, his attorneys called the decades-long sentence "absurdly excessive.
He was also banned from campaigning for office until the year 2060 - a decade minus two years after the completion of his term.
The ex-leader called the court case a "witch hunt and said it was designed to prevent him competing in the 2026 presidential election.
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